腹主动脉联合门静脉快速灌注法在器官捐献供体肝肾联合获取中的应用

目的总结腹主动脉联合门静脉快速灌注法在器官捐献供体肝肾联合获取中的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2011年9月至2014年6月在佛山市第一人民医院完成的43例中国心脏死亡供体器官捐献肝肾联合获取的临床资料。43例供体中,中国心脏死亡供体分类一类(脑死亡供体)(C-Ⅰ类)15例,中国二类(心脏死亡供体)(C-Ⅱ类)1例,中国三类(脑-心双死亡捐献供体)(C-Ⅲ类)27例。器官灌注采用腹主动脉、门静脉快速插管联合灌注法。结果开腹至腹主动脉插管时间约1.5~2.0 min,43例供体共获得肝脏43个,肾脏86个。C-Ⅰ类供体热缺血时间全部为0,其余供体热缺血时间范围为3~21 min,平均10 min。2例供肝分别因肝门部严重损伤和重度脂肪肝弃用,18例供肾分别因肾结石、肾萎缩、术前血清肌酐水平较高、肾动脉粥样硬化严重、肾微小血管血栓、多发肾囊肿、外伤性肾破裂等原因弃用,供体器官总弃用率为16%。结论腹主动脉联合门静脉快速灌注法是器官捐献供体肝肾联合获取的简单、安全的方法。     

Obatoclax potentiates the cytotoxic effect of cytarabine on acute myeloid leukemia cells by enhancing DNA damage

Resistance to cytarabine and anthracycline‐based chemotherapy is a major cause of treatment failure for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Overexpression of Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, and/or Mcl‐1 has been associated with chemoresistance in AML cell lines and with poor clinical outcome of AML patients. Thus, inhibitors of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins could be novel therapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated how clinically achievable concentrations of obatoclax, a pan‐Bcl‐2 inhibitor, potentiate the antileukemic activity of cytarabine in AML cells. MTT assays in AML cell lines and diagnostic blasts, as well as flow cytometry analyses in AML cell lines revealed synergistic antileukemic activity between cytarabine and obatoclax. Bax activation was detected in the combined, but not the individual, drug treatments. This was accompanied by significantly increased loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Most importantly, in AML cells treated with the combination, enhanced early induction of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) preceded a decrease of Mcl‐1 levels, nuclear translocation of Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, and Mcl‐1, and apoptosis. These results indicate that obatoclax enhances cytarabine‐induced apoptosis by enhancing DNA DSBs. This novel mechanism provides compelling evidence for the clinical use of BH3 mimetics in combination with DNA‐damaging agents in AML and possibly a broader range of malignancies.     

CT血管成像三维重建技术在布加综合征中的应用价值

目的 评估CT血管成像三维重建在布加综合征中的应用价值。方法 选取2011年2月至2013年12月就诊的布加综合征患者93例为研究对象,采用CT血管成像技术评估其门静脉、下腔静脉及肝静脉病变情况。结果 所有患者中,病变累及下腔静脉者(Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型)69例(74.19%),下腔静脉隔膜形成者34例(49.28%);肝静脉受损者(Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型)59例(63.44%),肝静脉隔膜形成者15例(25.42%);另有2例患者下腔静脉和肝静脉均有隔膜形成。56例(60.22%)患者存在侧支循环,食管胃底静脉曲张阳性39例(41.94%),脾脏肿大73例(78.49%),腹水36例(38.71%),肝脏尾状叶增大8例(8.6%),肾静脉血栓形成6例(6.45%)(双侧受累2例,单侧受累4例),原发性肝细胞癌5例(男性4例,女性1例)。结论 CT血管成像三维重建技术能够较好地反映布加综合征影像学特征,对布加综合征的临床诊疗具有较好的指导意义。     

The role of the dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system in anxiety

Anxiety disorders are the most common and prevalent forms of psychiatric disease, although the biological basis of anxiety is not well understood. The dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system is widely distributed in the central nervous system and has been shown to play a critical role in modulating mood and emotional behaviors. In the present review, we summarize current literature relating to the role played by the dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system in anxiety and κ opioid receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of anxiety disorders.     

半参数与非参数可加风险模型对达菲和中药治疗H1N1流感效果的比较

目的介绍半参数与非参数可加风险模型在事件发生时间分析(time-to-event analysis)方面的应用,并比较它们结果的异同。方法利用鞅方法得到半参数可加风险模型的参数估计,运用核密度估计非参数可加风险模型,用R软件进行相应的计算及统计分析。结果半参数可加风险模型中的系数相当于非参数可加风险模型可变系数的平均。相对于对照组,达菲组、中药组、达菲加中药组分别治疗53、56、29个发热病人就能多一个发热消退的病例。两个模型的生存概率图都表明,达菲、中药、达菲加中药相对不吃药都能有效治疗H1N1流感,中药与达菲的疗效相当,中西药结合的疗效最好。结论在研究者需要对风险的绝对变化进行刻画或Cox比例风险假定不满足时,可加风险模型或许是一个合适的替代。     

Biomarkers to predict asthma in wheezing preschool children

Wheezing in preschool children is a very common symptom. An adequate prediction of asthma in these children is difficult and cannot be reliably assessed with conventional clinical tools. The study of potential predictive biomarkers in various media, ranging from invasive sampling (e.g. bronchoscopy) to non‐invasive sampling (lung function testing and exhaled breath analysis), was comprehensively reviewed. The evolution in biomarker discovery has resulted in an ‘omics’ approach, in which hundreds of biomarkers in the field of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and ‘breath‐omics’ can be simultaneously studied. First, results on gene expression and exhaled breath profiles in predicting an early asthma diagnosis are promising. However, many hurdles need to be overcome before clinical implementation is possible. To reliably predict asthma in a wheezing child, probably a holistic approach is needed, combining clinical information with blood sampling, lung function tests, and potentially exhaled breath analysis. The further development of predictive, non‐invasive biomarkers may eventually improve an early asthma diagnosis in wheezing preschool children and assist clinicians in early treatment decision‐making.